CONCEPT OF GOVERNANCE AND GOOD GOVERNANCE IN ENVIRONMENT


GOVERNANCE



"Governance means a process of decision making and a process of implementation of these decisions."

Governance can be termed in different concepts such as International governance, Local governance, National governance and corporate governance. Both Formal and Informal actors are involved in decision making and in the process by which decisions are implemented. Formal and Informal structures are also set in place to make decision and to implement them.

Government is one of the actor in governance. In rural areas the actors involved other than government are: land lords, cooperatives, associations of peasant farmers, NGOs, research institutes, political leaders, religious leaders, finance institutes and military etc.  In urban areas the situation is more complex. Here in addition to above actors in rural areas at national level media lobbyists, international donors and multi national corporation are included. 

All actors other than government and military make a civil society. In some countries organized crime syndicates also perform decision making. In informal decision making Kitchen Cabinets or informal advisers also do decision making. In rural areas powerful local families affect decision making.

GOOD GOVERNANCE

Good governance ensures the minimization of corruption, hearing of minorities views, voices of vulnerable in society are heared.

CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD GOVERNANCE

1. PARTICIPATION

Participation should involve both men and women in decision making. I should be organized and informed. participation could be direct or through intermediate institution.

2. RULE OF LAW

Good Governance require legal frameworks to be enforced. For the enforcement of laws independent judiciary, incorruptible police force are required.  Good governance need to protect the human rights.

3. TRANSPARENCY

Transparency means that decision taken and their enforcement should be in a way that follows rules and regulations. It also reflects that information is easily available to the people that are mostly affected by decision making. Information should be in understandable form.

4. RESPONSIVENESS

In good governance institutions and processes should serve all stakeholders within time frame.

5. CONSENSUS ORIENTED

Good governance requires what is needed for sustainable human development, what is best interest for the community. This results in understanding of historical, cultural and social perspective of society. 

6. EQUITY AND INCLUSIVENESS

All members should consider they have stake in it and they are not separate from the main society. 

7. EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY

The efficiency in term of good governance deals with sustainable use of natural resources. Institutions produce best results to meet the needs of human society.

8. ACCOUNTABILITY

Government institutions, private sector and civil society organizations must be accountable to public and institutional stakeholders.



Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

GIS INTRODUCTION AND ITS FUNCTIONAL SUBSYSTEMS

Image
INTRODUCTION GIS (Geographic Information System) is a computer based tool used to store and operate geographic information. It deals with mapping and analyzing things happening on earth. GIS is known for explaining events, predicting results an planning strategies and that is why it is found different from other information systems and valuable to public and private enterprises. GIS aim is management, analysis and visualization/ mapping of spatial data. The definition of GIS quoted by Burrough is: "GIS is a powerful set of tools for collecting, storing, retrieving at will, transform and displaying spatial data from the real world." GIS APPLICATIONS GIS has the potential to be used in various fields. The problems faced by world today are overpopulation, pollution, deforestation, natural disasters. These challenges have critical geographic perspective. GIS is used while selection of suitable site for business, finding best soil to grow crops, finding the best route for emergenc
Read more

Environmental Pollution and its Types

Image
INTRODUCTION Before describing environmental pollution let's describe what is environment? Environment is defined as all physical and biological systems that surrounds all the organisms including man and all other factors that influence on these organisms. Environment includes both biotic (living) and abiotic (non living) components. Any change in the environment caused by any unwanted substance, impurity or in other words contaminants is called pollution. Environmental pollution is a becoming a serious concern all over the world causing the damage to the earth. It is a problem both in developing and developed countries.  MAJOR FACTORS INFLUENCING ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION The major factors that contribute towards environmental pollution are Population growth and urbanization. Urban population is increasing day by day. Rural population is also moving towards urban areas because of the facilities of urban areas. Therefore population of cities is increasing that leads to the high energ
Read more

Would You Consider Working In a Coworking Environment?

With more individuals doing independent work, working for themselves or working in private company new companies, there are more individuals than any other time in recent memory without an office space in the conventional sense. Nonetheless, imagine a scenario in which you are somebody who finds an increasingly social environment is the most profitable. Numerous individuals observe a conventional office condition to be the most valuable approach to work effectively, without the diversions of home or an open territory. The term was "collaborating" first propelled in 1999, by Brian DeKoven. Around the same time, one of the principal studios opened in New York City, called 42 West 24. At that point, in the UK, the first collaborating space wasn't opened until January 2005 in London. Be that as it may, the term just wound up mainstream in March 2007, when it was slanting on Google Search. Before long a while later, in October 2007, it was recorded as a term on Wikipedia.
Read more